How the solutions work · counted by a rules engine
What a typical pillsbury's mate solution looks like
Sample: 3,401 pillsbury's mate puzzles (5% of all 67,645).
34.7% need 1 solver move, 51.7% need 2 solver moves, 11.8% need 3 solver moves, 1.5% need 4 solver moves. Median rating: 840 for the shortest solutions, 1980 for the longest.
66.5% open with a rook move. The first move captures in 31.3% and gives check in 99.6%; 100% end in checkmate, 27.3% involve a sacrifice, 51.5% have White to move.
31.3%first move captures
99.6%first move gives check
100%end in checkmate
27.3%involve a sacrifice
How many moves does the solver need?
1 solver move
34.7% · median rating 840
2 solver moves
51.7% · median rating 939
3 solver moves
11.8% · median rating 1347
4 solver moves
1.5% · median rating 1980
Which piece plays the key move?
Key move by a rook
66.5%
Key move by a queen
18.3%
Key move by a bishop
9.7%
Key move by a knight
3.9%
Key move by a pawn
1.4%
What does the solver win?
Most valuable capture: rook
38.7%
Captures nothing along the line
31.9%
Most valuable capture: queen
8.9%
Most valuable capture: pawn
8.1%
Most valuable capture: bishop
7.3%
Most valuable capture: knight
5.1%
Material balance along the whole line, counting every capture by both sides (pawn 1, minor piece 3, rook 5, queen 9):
No material gained (mating or positional)
52.6%
Up to 2 pawns’ worth
8.2%
3–4 points (about a minor piece)
9.4%
5–8 points (a rook or more)
23.2%
9 or more points (a queen’s worth)
6.6%
How much is left on the board?
28 or more pieces on the board
0.8%
21–27 pieces
24.9%
13–20 pieces
66.5%
12 pieces or fewer
7.8%
How it is counted: every puzzle in the sample is replayed move by move with a chess rules engine. A sacrifice means a piece that is captured on the very next ply and was worth more than what it captured itself (pawn 1, minor piece 3, rook 5, queen 9). Sample of 3,401 puzzles. Percentages are shares of the sample.
Where it happens
Where the key move lands
Where the solver’s first move ends, drawn from their own side (rank 1 is their back rank). Busiest squares: e8 (18.2%), d8 (13.1%), f8 (7.4%), c8 (6.9%), h7 (5.8%).
4.2
4.3
6.9
13.1
18.2
7.4
1
2.6
8
2.9
1.5
5.8
7
1
1.1
1.4
3.5
4
6
1.3
1.4
5
1.3
4
1.4
3
2
1.4
1
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
Counted from the same 3,401-puzzle sample. Squares under 1% are left blank.
Study positions
The most-solved pillsbury's mate puzzles, from each difficulty level. Play each one on the board, then open the answer for the full line.
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Black to move · rating 854 · solved 13,089 times
· Mate in 1. It ends in checkmate on h5 with the rook.Reveal line
Opponent's last move: Kh6
Solution: Rh5#
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White to move · rating 877 · solved 4,139 times
· Mate in 2. It ends in checkmate on c6 with the rook. The solver captures a rook.Reveal line
Opponent's last move: cxd5
Solution: Ra6+ → Rc6 → Rxc6#
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Black to move · rating 1161 · solved 4,563 times
· Mate in 2. It ends in checkmate on h5 with the rook. The solver captures a bishop.Reveal line
Opponent's last move: Kxh2
Solution: Rh8+ → Bh5 → Rxh5#
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Black to move · rating 1229 · solved 4,691 times
· Mate in 1. It ends in checkmate on d4 with the rook.Reveal line
Opponent's last move: Ke4
Solution: Rd4#
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Black to move · rating 1362 · solved 4,105 times
· Mate in 3. It ends in checkmate on c1 with the rook. It gives up the queen (Qxf1+) on the way. The solver captures 2 pieces (rook, rook).Reveal line
Opponent's last move: Qe7
Solution: Qxf1+ → Kxf1 → Ra1+ → Rc1 → Rxc1#
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White to move · rating 1388 · solved 5,018 times
· Mate in 2. It ends in checkmate on h2 with the rook. The solver captures a bishop.Reveal line
Opponent's last move: Rxb2
Solution: Rh1+ → Bh2 → Rxh2#
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Black to move · rating 1433 · solved 5,604 times
· Mate in 3. It ends in checkmate on g1 with the rook.Reveal line
Opponent's last move: Qxh6
Solution: Rd1+ → Kf2 → Bc5+ → Kg3 → Rg1#
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White to move · rating 1607 · solved 2,352 times
· Mate in 2. It ends in checkmate on b8 with the rook. The solver captures a rook.Reveal line
Opponent's last move: Bxe1
Solution: Ra8+ → Rb8 → Rxb8#
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Black to move · rating 1713 · solved 2,157 times
· Mate in 2. It ends in checkmate on e1 with the rook.Reveal line
Opponent's last move: Rfc8
Solution: Bg3+ → Kg1 → Re1#
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White to move · rating 1769 · solved 1,873 times
· Mate in 2. It ends in checkmate on e8 with the rook.Reveal line
Opponent's last move: Nc3
Solution: Bg6+ → Kg8 → Re8#
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White to move · rating 2007 · solved 3,101 times
· Mate in 2. It ends in checkmate on h7 with the rook. The solver captures a pawn.Reveal line
Opponent's last move: Kh5
Solution: g4+ → Kh4 → Rxh7#
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White to move · rating 2071 · solved 2,175 times
· Mate in 3. It ends in checkmate on e8 with the rook. It gives up the queen (Qxf8+) on the way. The solver captures a rook.Reveal line
Opponent's last move: Qd5
Solution: Qxf8+ → Kxf8 → Bh6+ → Kg8 → Re8#
Positions and move sequences come from real rated games (CC0 data). Engine evaluations, where shown, are stored evaluations of the position (CC0).